sunk costs

In economics and business decision-making, sunk costs are costs that cannot be recovered once they have been incurred. Sunk costs are sometimes contrasted with variable costs, which are the costs that will change due to the proposed course of action, and prospective costs which are costs that will be incurred if an action is taken. In microeconomic theory, only variable costs are relevant to a decision. Economics proposes that a rational actor does not let sunk costs influence one's decisions, because doing so would not be assessing a decision exclusively on its own merits. The decision-maker may make rational decisions according to their own incentives; these incentives may dictate different decisions than would be dictated by efficiency or profitability, and this is considered an incentive problem and distinct from a sunk cost problem. In decision making one should also consider fixed proportion of the sunk costs. Lets take an example of a market which has a free entry. There are several firms in the market operating profitably, but if high proprotions of sunk cost in this market are fixed costs then others firms would hesitate to enter into that market while on the other hand if very low proportion of sunk cost are fixed costs for the same market, firms would love to enter into that market.

essay in text book

I don't really like this text book, I don't know why maybe just because there are too many strange words to me those I never seen in my life. But there indeed are many interesting essays there. When I read it, I feel I really open my eyes. But no matter how I like this book, there are still have some articles those I don't like it. For instance, the essay" On immortality", the whold eassy talk about the longevity. How the author doesn't like the longevity or many study prove longevity is not good or blah, blah, blah...They call on the live should be heathy and quality. Yea, I agree. But some people they do like to live long, why those guys try to prove longeivity is not right? Each person has his own understanding of life, and everyone has different choice. We might not change other's mind, and we just do ourselves.

High school teacher

She is my high school teacher. She is the teacher who taught me politics and made me unhappy everyday. At the beginning,she was my hated one teacher. But later, she became the one who compacted on me a lot in my life. I started to love her after I graduated from high school. now she passed away. As I known, her daughter has already been in middle-school.
I wanted to talk about why I hated her. Well, now I know I shouldn't really hate her, what she did shows us she love us very much and she wanted to give us everything she had. But she is a very emotinal person, she always got angry in class "without "any reason. yes, when I was at that age, I really thought she got angry without any reason. And she always controls us for everything such as, homework, go to class on time, don't talk in class, don't eat, no laughing, no talking, keep quiet, and so on.
When we graduated from school, we had a very geogerce graduation ceremony. Teachers and students talk to each other with the whole heart. Then we understand each other very well, but we on earth would leave. she said many many words in class, but she lead me to forward in a word" being a person with good attitude, and hard working carefully" If I could, I really wanted to say" Thank you" to my teacher.

My favorite subject

my favorite subject is math. I can say i'm really good at math.When i was young, someone told me math is really really beautiful. But at that time, I couldn't understand very well. Later, when I got to the college, I found I really really love it. The amazing thing is that I found the world actually is make up with all kinds of mathematic models. The models combine radomly and build up beautiful houses, cars, even women. When language so often proves in vain, you will find out how beautiful and supernatural the Math Models are. But it's a shame that I didn't choice math as my major, not because I don't love it just because I don't want to work on it and break it's aesthetic quality

ｆｉｒｓｔ ｄａｙ

my friend sent me a gift, Billy Collins newest peotry anthology.
i really love it and read many the whole day. this is my favorite one:

What love does

A fine thing, or so it sounds
on the radio in the summer
with all the windows rolled down

Yet it pierces not only the heart
but the eyeball and the scrotum
and the little target of the nipple with arrows

It turns everything into a symbol
like a storm that breaks loose
in the final chapter of a long novel

And it may add sparkle to a morning
or deepen a night
when the bed is ringed with fire

It teaches you new joys
and new maneuvers--
the takedown, the reversal,the escape

But mostly it comes and goes
a bee visiting the center
of one flower, then another

Even as the ink is drying
on her name, it is off
to visit someone in another city

a city with two steeples
rows of brick chimney pots
and a school with a tree-lined entrance

It will travel through the night to get there
and it will arrival like an archangel
through an iron gate no one ever seemed to notice before.

impression management

Impression management theory
Impression management (IM) theory states that any individual or organization must establish and maintain impressions that are congruent with the perceptions they want to convey to their publics. From both a communications and public relations viewpoint, the theory of impression management encompasses the vital ways in which one establishes and communicates this congruence between personal or organizational goals and their intended actions which create public perception.
The idea that perception is reality is the basis for this sociological and social psychology theory[citation needed], which is framed around the presumption that the other’s perceptions of you or your organization become the reality from which they form ideas and the basis for intended behaviors.

Cheating

I never cheat in my life. That doesn't mean I really think that's guilty. I just don't like it and I trust myself, that's all. BUT to the people who cheat, I think there are some reasons:
First of all, I guess they just didn't study hard and prepare very well for the tests, and also they want to have a good grade.
Secondly, they may just don't know what to do and very bored about their study
finally, they may just like me who don't think cheating is Really bad, they may just think that cheating isn't a big problem.
But I still want to say cheating shouldn't be allowed coz it will lead to big guilt in the future