notes for biology

Cells convert nutrient molecules to a usable form, ATP. Energy conversions can occur in the cytoplasm or in specialized organelles. mitochondria: site of oxidative phosphorylation, where the cell makes most of its ATP. Anabolism: simpler substances are combined to form more complex substances. Amino acids assembled into protein. required for growth, development,repair and energy storage. Catabolism: complex substances broken down to form simplex substances starch to glucose. Energy release; Digestion. Cells use redox reactions to extract E from nutrients. Oxidation-reduction reactions: the transfer of electrons from are molecule to another. aerobic respiration: cells require oxygen to complete chemical reactions. anaerobic respiration: cells do not require oxygen to complete chemical reactions.